Early Signs and How to Perform Breast Cancer Self-Examination
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), early detection is critical in reducing mortality. Understanding the early signs of breast cancer and learning how to conduct regular breast self-examinations (BSE) can empower individuals to take charge of their health.
What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells in the breast grow out of control, forming a tumor that may spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly. It affects both women and men, although it is far more common in women.
Early Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer
Detecting breast cancer early greatly improves the chances of successful treatment.
According to BreastCancer.org, regularly checking your breasts can aid in early detection and better outcomes. Here are some of the common early warning signs:
1. A Lump in the Breast or Underarm
- Usually hard and painless
- Often the first noticeable symptom
- May feel different from the rest of the breast tissue
2. Change in Breast Size or Shape
- Swelling of all or part of a breast
- Visible distortion not linked to menstrual cycle
3. Skin Changes
- Dimpling or puckering, resembling orange peel texture (peau d’orange)
- Redness or flaking skin around the nipple
4. Nipple Changes
- Inversion or retraction (nipple turning inward)
- Unexplained discharge (especially if bloody)
- Pain in the nipple area
5. Persistent Breast or Nipple Pain
- Not related to menstruation or injury
6. Swollen Lymph Nodes
- Found near the collarbone or under the arm
- May suggest that cancer has spread
How to Perform a Breast Self-Examination (BSE)
When to Perform:
- Once a month, preferably a few days after your menstrual cycle ends
- For non-menstruating women, pick a consistent day each month
Steps to Follow:
Step 1: Visual Inspection (In Front of a Mirror)
- Stand with shoulders straight and arms on hips
- Look for visible changes: size, shape, skin texture, nipple position
- Raise arms above your head and observe the same
Step 2: Manual Inspection While Standing or Sitting
- Use the pads of your fingers
- Apply light, medium, and firm pressure
- Cover the entire breast from top to bottom, side to side
- Don’t forget the armpit area
Step 3: Manual Inspection While Lying Down
- Lie flat and place a pillow under your shoulder
- Use the opposite hand to examine each breast
- Move fingers in circular, up-and-down, or wedge patterns
What to Do If You Notice Changes
If you detect a lump or any unusual changes, do not panic. Most lumps are non-cancerous (benign). However, it is crucial to consult a qualified medical professional for evaluation and possibly undergo further testing such as:
- Mammogram
- Ultrasound
- Biopsy
Who is at Risk?
While breast cancer can affect anyone, the following factors may increase risk:
- Age (over 40)
- Family history of breast cancer
- Genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2)
- Obesity
- Alcohol consumption
- Early menstruation or late menopause
- Hormone replacement therapy
Can Men Get Breast Cancer?
Yes, although rare, male breast cancer does occur. Men should also be vigilant and report any lumps or nipple discharge to a doctor.
Also Read : Early Signs and Prevention of Diabetes: What You Need to Know to Stay Healthy
Prevention and Lifestyle Tips
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise regularly
- Limit alcohol intake
- Avoid smoking
- Consider breastfeeding, which may reduce risk
- Regular screening (especially if over 40 or at high risk)
When to Get Screened
- Age 40–44: Optional annual mammograms
- Age 45–54: Annual mammograms recommended
- Age 55+: Mammograms every 2 years or as advised
Consult your healthcare provider for personalized screening plans, especially if you have a family history of breast cancer.
Conclusion
Early detection of breast cancer can save lives. By learning the signs and performing regular breast self-examinations, individuals can catch potential issues early and seek medical attention promptly.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What are the first signs of breast cancer?
Early signs of breast cancer may include a painless lump in the breast or underarm, nipple discharge, skin dimpling, breast pain, or visible changes in the shape or size of the breast.
2. How can I tell if a breast lump is cancerous?
While not all breast lumps are cancerous, a suspicious lump is often hard, irregular in shape, and does not move easily under the skin. Only a medical examination and diagnostic tests like a mammogram or biopsy can confirm if it’s cancerous.
3. What is a breast self-examination (BSE)?
A breast self-examination is a method women use to check their own breasts for lumps, changes in size or shape, or any other unusual signs. It is a proactive way to detect early signs of breast cancer.
Pay Attention To: How to Protect Your Eyes from Digital Strain: Expert Tips for a Healthier Vision
4. When is the best time to perform a breast self-examination?
The best time is a few days after your menstrual period ends when breasts are least likely to be swollen or tender. Postmenopausal women can choose a consistent day each month.
5. How do I perform a breast self-examination?
- Stand in front of a mirror and visually inspect your breasts.
- Raise your arms and check for changes in contour.
- Use your fingertips to feel your breasts in a circular motion while lying down or in the shower.
- Cover the entire area including underarms.
6. How often should I do a breast self-exam?
It is recommended to perform a self-exam once a month. Regular checks help you become familiar with your normal breast structure and notice any changes quickly.
7. Can men get breast cancer too?
Yes, although rare, men can also develop breast cancer. Signs include lumps, nipple discharge, or skin changes around the chest area. Men should also consult a doctor if they notice any symptoms.
8. What should I do if I find a lump during self-examination?
Do not panic. Not all lumps are cancerous. Schedule an appointment with a healthcare professional for further examination, which may include a mammogram, ultrasound, or biopsy.
9. Is breast pain a sign of breast cancer?
Breast pain is usually not a symptom of cancer and is more commonly linked to hormonal changes. However, persistent pain in one area should be evaluated by a doctor.
10. What increases the risk of developing breast cancer?
Key risk factors include age, family history, genetic mutations (like BRCA1/BRCA2), obesity, alcohol consumption, and hormone replacement therapy.
11. How accurate is a breast self-examination?
While a self-exam is not a substitute for medical screening, it helps in early detection. For full accuracy, combine self-exams with routine mammograms and clinical breast exams.
12. Should young women perform breast self-exams?
Yes. Starting in your 20s, it’s advisable to become familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel to detect any unusual changes early.
13. What age should women start breast cancer screening?
Most women should start annual mammograms at age 40, but those with high risk (e.g., family history) may need to begin earlier. Always consult a healthcare provider.
14. Can breast cancer be prevented?
While not all cases can be prevented, adopting a healthy lifestyle—like maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking—can lower your risk.
Health is wealth. Stay informed, stay empowered.
To learn more about the proper technique, visit the BreastCancer.org guide on breast self-examination, a trusted resource offering visual steps and expert advice for early detection.
