Ulcer is one of the most common gastrointestinal health problems in Nigeria, affecting both young and older people. Many Nigerians search daily for information such as “ulcer foods to avoid in Nigeria” or “ulcer treatment and diet”. With the increasing rate of self-medication, poor dietary habits, and stress, ulcer cases have become more widespread in recent years.
Ulcer, medically referred to as peptic ulcer disease (PUD), occurs when open sores develop in the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus. These sores cause burning pain, indigestion, and in severe cases, bleeding.
TJ News Nigeria reports that ulcer is strongly linked to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of painkillers such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, lifestyle and diet play a huge role in worsening or relieving ulcer symptoms.
This article explains the major causes of ulcer in Nigeria, highlights Nigerian foods that worsen or relieve symptoms, and provides practical management tips for long-term relief.
What Causes Ulcer in Nigeria?
Several factors contribute to the increasing number of ulcer cases in Nigeria. These include:
1. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection
- This bacteria weakens the protective lining of the stomach and small intestine.
- It is spread mainly through contaminated food, water, or utensils – a common problem in Nigeria due to poor sanitation.
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2. Excessive Use of Painkillers
- Frequent use of ibuprofen, aspirin, and diclofenac can damage the stomach lining.
- Many Nigerians buy painkillers from chemists without prescriptions, increasing their risk of ulcers.
3. Spicy and Oily Foods
- Nigerian delicacies like pepper soup, suya, fried akara, oily stews, and excess peppery rice often irritate ulcer patients.
- Though these foods don’t directly cause ulcers, they worsen symptoms significantly.
4. Stress and Lifestyle Factors
- Stress, irregular meals, and lack of sleep can increase stomach acid production, making ulcers worse.
5. Alcohol and Smoking
- Alcoholic beverages like palm wine, burukutu, beer, and strong spirits damage the stomach lining.
- Smoking reduces the stomach’s ability to heal itself.
Common Symptoms of Ulcer
Ulcer symptoms vary, but the most reported ones among Nigerians include:
- Burning or sharp stomach pain (especially before meals or at night).
- Indigestion, bloating, or belching.
- Nausea and vomiting (sometimes with blood in severe cases).
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Loss of appetite.
- Black or tarry stools (a sign of bleeding ulcer).
⚠️ If any of these symptoms persist, medical attention should be sought immediately.
Types of ulcers
Ulcers can occur in different parts of the body, and understanding their types helps in proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
1. Peptic Ulcers
- Ulcers that develop in the stomach lining or upper part of the small intestine.
- Subtypes:
- Gastric Ulcer → occurs in the stomach.
- Duodenal Ulcer → occurs in the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
2. Esophageal Ulcers
- Found in the esophagus (food pipe).
- Often linked to acid reflux (GERD) or infections.
3. Mouth Ulcers (Canker Sores)
- Painful sores inside the mouth.
- Can result from stress, injury, or vitamin deficiencies.
4. Genital Ulcers
- Found in the genital area.
- Can be caused by infections such as herpes or syphilis.
5. Venous Ulcers
- Usually appear on the legs, due to poor blood circulation.
- Common in people with varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency.
6. Arterial Ulcers
- Caused by reduced blood supply due to blocked arteries.
- Appear mostly on feet, toes, or pressure points.
7. Pressure Ulcers (Bedsores)
- Caused by prolonged pressure on the skin, especially in bedridden patients.
- Common on hips, heels, and lower back.
Ulcer Foods to Avoid in Nigeria
Many Nigerian foods and drinks irritate the stomach lining and worsen ulcer symptoms. Below are foods to strictly avoid if you have ulcer:
1. Peppery and Spicy Foods
- Suya, pepper soup, indomie with excess pepper, pepper-rich stew.
- These increase pain and discomfort.
2. Oily and Fried Foods
- Puff-puff, akara, fried yam, fried rice, dodo (fried plantain).
- Hard to digest and trigger acid reflux.
3. Carbonated Drinks
- Soft drinks such as Coca-Cola, Fanta, Pepsi, and energy drinks.
- They increase stomach acid and bloating.
4. Alcohol
- Beer, burukutu, palm wine, and spirits damage the stomach lining.
5. Citrus Fruits and Juices
- Orange, lime, and pineapple juice increase acidity.
6. Caffeine
- Excess coffee, strong tea, and energy drinks worsen symptoms.
Ulcer-Friendly Foods in Nigeria (Recommended Diet)
On the positive side, certain Nigerian foods can help ulcer patients by soothing the stomach and reducing acid irritation.
1. Non-Spicy, Soft Meals
- Pap (akamu/ogi) with milk (not too acidic).
- Oatmeal and custard.
2. Protein-Rich Foods
- Boiled egg, beans (without pepper), moi-moi, fish, and lean chicken.
3. Vegetables (Non-Spicy)
- Ugu (fluted pumpkin), spinach, carrots, cabbage.
- Best taken boiled or steamed.
4. Fruits (Non-Acidic)
- Banana, watermelon, pawpaw (ripe).
- These soothe the stomach.
5. Starches
- Boiled yam, Irish potato, plantain (boiled), rice without excess oil.
6. Milk and Yogurt
- Fresh cow milk, low-fat yogurt help neutralize acid.
Practical Management of Ulcer in Nigeria
To manage ulcer effectively, patients need to combine medical treatment with lifestyle changes.
1. Medical Treatment
- Doctors prescribe antibiotics for H. pylori infections.
- Antacids and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce stomach acid.
- Patients should avoid self-medication and seek professional advice.
2. Healthy Eating Habits
- Eat small but frequent meals instead of large portions.
- Avoid late-night eating.
- Drink clean water and avoid contaminated sources.
3. Stress Management
- Reduce stress with adequate rest, exercise, and relaxation techniques.
- Avoid skipping meals, especially breakfast.
4. Avoid Harmful Substances
- Stop smoking and reduce alcohol intake.
- Avoid over-the-counter painkillers unless prescribed.
Nigerian Lifestyle Tips for Ulcer Patients
- Always carry snacks like bananas or groundnuts to prevent long gaps between meals.
- Use natural remedies like honey, unripe plantain powder, and aloe vera (consult doctor before use).
- If ulcer pain worsens, do not rely on herbal mixtures sold by roadside vendors, as many are unsafe.
Key Takeaway
Ulcer in Nigeria is largely preventable and manageable if patients make the right lifestyle and dietary choices. The key lies in avoiding foods that irritate the stomach, eating ulcer-friendly meals, reducing stress, and seeking proper medical care.
With the right approach, Nigerians living with ulcer can enjoy a healthy and productive life without frequent flare-ups.
